In this video, I'll show you how to build a relay module on a breadboard, a simple yet powerful circuit that allows you to control high-power devices with low-voltage signals.

Components Required

1. 1 x 12V Relay (or any voltage rating as per your requirement)
2. 1 x BC547 NPN Transistor
3. 1 x 10KΩ Resistor
4. 1 x 1N4007 Diode
5. 1 x Breadboard & Connecting Wires

Working

1. The BC547 transistor acts as a switch, controlling the relay with a low-voltage signal.
2. The 10KΩ resistor limits the base current to the transistor.
3. The 1N4007 diode prevents damage by safely discharging high-voltage spikes generated when turning the relay on and off.
4. The relay allows you to control high-voltage appliances using a low-power microcontroller signal.

Transistor Pinout

Relay Pinout

Manual usage of relay using a push button.

Circuit Diagram

Below circuit diagram shows how to connect a relay module to an automatic controller for switching high-power devices safely and efficiently.

Circuit Diagram

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